创伤性膝关节脱位失稳性的检查与治疗

目的：探讨创伤性膝关节脱位失稳性的检查方法、手术时机与治疗方法。方法：本组63例创伤性膝关节脱位，男48例，女15例；年龄16-75岁，平均36．6岁。鲜新膝关节脱位40例，陈旧膝关节脱位23例。按Wascher膝关节脱位分型标准：KD—Ⅰ型1例，KD—Ⅱ型13例，KD-Ⅲ型17例，KD—Ⅳ型18例，KD—Ⅴ型14例。结合物理与影像学检查评判患膝稳定性。单纯开放手术治疗53例，单纯关节镜治疗4例，关节镜加开放手术治疗4例，截肢1例，全膝关节置换1例。结果：膝MRI阳性率100％（39／39），膝应力位X线检查阳性率100％（19／19），膝关节镜阳性率93．3％（14／15）。按Lysholm膝关节评分标准：治疗前陈旧伤组平均（37．17±5．33）分，新鲜伤组平均（37．41±5．38）分；治疗后陈旧伤组平均（67．33±14．72）分，新鲜伤组平均（82．45±12．13）分（Z=-3．061，P=0．002）。结论：膝关节应力位X线检查、MR及关节镜检查对评判创伤性膝关节脱位的稳定性有积极意义，失稳性创伤膝关节脱住手术治疗的关键是早期，鲜新伤以修复为主，陈旧伤以重建为主。     

医源性胆管损伤的诊治体会

目的探讨手术中胆管损伤后即时手术和再次手术处理的方法。方法回顾性分析1984年5月-2003年11月经作者手术或参与手术21例的临床资料。结果术中即时发现并处理6例。其中，成功4例，术后狭窄再次手术治愈1例，处理结果不满意1例。术后处理15例，均择期行胆肠吻合治愈。结论术中处理结果与损伤程度和胆管横径大小密切相关。术后因各种原因导致胆管狭窄者应行胆管空肠吻合术。     

空心钉经皮微创内固定技术治疗骨盆环损伤的疗效评价

目的：评价经皮微创空心钉固定骨盆环损伤的安全性及可靠性。方法：对48例不稳定骨盆环损伤患者，分别行闭合复位、经皮微创空心钉内固定术。按Tile分型：B1型4例，B2．1型8例，B2．2型10例，B3型4例，C1型11例，C2型7例，C3型4例。39例前后环损伤均固定，4例仅固定前环损伤，5例仅固定后环损伤。以术前骨盆的三位x线片（前后位、入口位及出口位）及CT片判断骨盆的稳定性及移位情况，术后以x线片及CT片评估复位情况及螺钉位置准确性。结果：手术时间15～95min，平均55min。术中出血量15～150ml，平均60ml，术中及术后无输血。48例患者共植入空心钉157枚，每人2～8枚，平均3．3枚。术后行骨盆CT检查42例（共植入135枚空心钉），发现123枚空心钉位置准确，占91．11％；7枚空心钉因偏向或超长而侵入盆腔或髋臼（但均〈0．5em）；5枚位置偏差干扰骶管或骶孔，但均未引起任何症状。随访8～49个月，平均13个月，45例患者骨盆环移位复位满意，所有骨折均Ⅰ期愈合。40例恢复原工作，4例末次随访时尚处康复期，其余4例因坐骨神经损伤或下肢截肢而不再工作。参照Lindahl改良的骨盆损伤后功能评定标准，优35例，良10例，可3例，平均得分78.7分。结论：在对骨盆环及其毗邻血管神经的解剖结构熟练掌握的基础上，结合良好的透视引导，闭合复位经皮微创空心钉内固定治疗不稳定骨盆环损伤安全可行，疗效满意。     

Effect of AVP on brain edema following traumatic brain injury

Objective: To evaluate plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP) level in patients with traumatic brain injury and investigate the role of AVP in the process of brain edema. Methods: A total of 30 patients with traumatic brain injury were involved in our study. They were divided into two groups by Glasgow Coma Scale: severe traumatic brain injury group (STBI, GCS≤8) and moderate traumatic brain injury group ( MTBI, GCS >8). Samples of venous blood were collected in the morning at rest from 15 healthy volunteers (control group) and within 24 h after traumatic brain injury from these patients for AVP determinations by radioimmunoassay. The severity and duration of the brain edema were estimated by head CT scan. Results: plasma AVP levels (ng/L) were (mean±SD): control, 3. 06±1. 49; MTBI, 38. 12±7. 25; and STBI, 66. 61±17. 10. The plasma level of AVP was significantly increased within 24 h after traumatic brain injury and followed by the reduction of GCS, suggesting the deterioration of cerebral injury (P<0. 01). And the AVP level was correlated with the severity (STBI r =0.919, P < 0.01; MTBI r = 0.724, P < 0.01) and the duration of brain edema (STBI r = 0. 790, P < 0. 01; MTBI r = 0. 712, P<0.01). Conclusions: The plasma AVP level is closely associated with the severity of traumatic brain injury. AVP may play an important role in pathogenesis of brain edema after traumatic brain injury.     

Arthroscopic Assisted Fixation of Juvenile Intra-articular Epiphyseal Ankle Fractures

The purpose of this study was to present the long-term follow-up of a case series of arthroscopically assisted fixation of juvenile intraarticular epiphyseal ankle fractures. The functional and radiographic outcomes of 6 patients with a range of follow-up of 1 to 5 years were evaluated. Five of the 6 patients had triplane injuries, whereas the remaining patient sustained a juvenile Tillaux fracture. All of the patients returned to full activity within 14 weeks of surgery, and none of the patients had any restriction in the ankle range of motion at the time of last follow-up. The results of this small series of patients suggest that arthroscopic-assisted, percutaneous fixation of intraarticular juvenile epiphyseal ankle fractures is an effective, less invasive surgical technique. Several surgical maneuvers that are helpful in the consistent execution of this technique are also mentioned.     

^125I放射微粒微创植入治疗前列腺癌

目的观察^125I放射微粒植入对前列腺癌的治疗效果。方法对26例临床确诊为前列腺癌患者经皮穿刺在癌组织植入^125I放射微粒，每例平均36粒，术后复查肛诊、B超、影像学及血生化指标。结果患者植入治疗经过顺利，2例少量出血，留置导尿后愈合，3个月后经肛诊、直肠B超示结节缩小，前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）降低，多普勒超声显示结节内动脉收缩期最大血流速度（VS）、阻力指数（RI）及动脉搏动指数（PI）均明显下降。结论^125I放射微粒植入对前列腺癌的治疗安全性好、效果可靠。     

+10 Gz重复暴露大鼠脑差异表达基因cDNA文库的构建

目的构建＋10Gz重复暴露大鼠脑差异表达基因的消减cDNA文库。方法本实验用SD大鼠，分别提取暴露组与对照组的总RNA，并分离纯化mRNA，应用抑制性消减杂交技术分离＋10GI重复暴露大鼠脑差异表达基因eDNA片段并建立消减eDNA文库；利用PCR对随机挑选的75个白色菌落进行插入片段的验证，对其中70个克隆进行eDNA斑点杂交验证。结果所构建的eDNA文库扩增后包含约400个白色克隆和100个兰色克隆，随机挑选75个白色克隆入质粒载体后共获得70个阳性克隆。结论应用抑制性消减杂交技术成功构建了＋10Gz重复暴露大鼠脑差异表达基因消减eDNA文库，为进一步筛选和克隆脑损伤相关基因奠定了基础。     

颈椎病手术中脊髓损伤的原因及处理

目的探讨颈椎病术中脊髓损伤的原因及处理方法。方法我科2005年3月至2007年10月手术治疗279例颈椎病,对术中出现脊髓损伤的5例患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果279例患者中5例发生脊髓损伤,发生率为1.79%。颈前路颈椎病手术中发生4例,后路单开门颈椎管扩大成形术中发生1例。经过清除血肿,甲基强的松龙等药物的及时治疗,5例患者逐渐恢复。结论颈椎病前、后路手术中均可能发生脊髓损伤,如能及时治疗,预后较好。     

肿瘤物理治疗技术及设备

简要介绍了肿瘤的放射治疗和热治疗的技术及设备，介绍了各种技术及设备的特点。